Chapter+8+Vocab

== Everyone can choose any 30 words to study. I will put all the words on the quiz but you will be able to choose the 30 that you want to answer. This will help since that is usually about the number that we have. Mr. Z ==

**Histone**- a protein molecule that DNA wraps around during chromosome formation **Homologous Chromosome**- one of a pair of morphologically similar chromosomes
 * Autosome- **a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
 * Centromere- ** the a region of the chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together
 * Chromatid- ** one of the two identical parts of a chromosome
 * Diploid- **a cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair
 * Haploid- **having only one chromosome of each homologous pair
 * Karyotype- ** a picture of an indivdual's chromosomes
 * Nonhistone- **a protein that is generally involved in controlling the activity of specific regions of the DNA
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sex Chromosome- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> a chromosome that determines sex
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Anaphase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Binary Fission **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- an asexual cell division that produces identical offspring, **the division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cell Cycle- repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">, the events of cell division; includes interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cell Plate- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a membrane that divides newly forming plant cells following mitosis
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Centriole **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- a structure that appears during mitosis in animals
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Centrosome- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a dark body containg a centriole in animal cells but not in plant cells; spindle fibers radiate from the centrosome in preparation for mitosis
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cleavage Furrow- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually sparates the dividing cell
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cytokinesis- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the division of the cytoplasm of one cell into two new cells
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">G0 Phase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">when cells leave the cell cycle; cells do not copy their DNA and do not prepare for cell division
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">G1 Phase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">cell growth; the first stage of interphase
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">G2 Phase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">cell growth and preparation for cell division; the third stage of interphase
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Interphase- the time between cell divisions**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> a period of cell growth and development that precedes eukaryotic cell nuclear division
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kinetrochore- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a disk-shaped protein found in the centromere region of a chromosome and attaches the the chromosomes to the mitotic spindle
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kinetrochore Fiber- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a spindle fiber that extends from the centrosome at one pole of the cell to a chromatid during mitosis
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Meiosis- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by half
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Metaphase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the second phase of mitosis, during which all the chromosomes move to the cell's equator
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mitosis- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">eukaryotic nuclear division
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mitotic Spindle- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the array of spindle fibers that serve to divide the chromosomes during nuclear division
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">M Phase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">mitosis; the phase of cell division in which the nucleus divides
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Polar Fiber- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">fibers that extend across the dividing cell from centrosome to centrosome
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Prophase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the first stage of mitosis and meosis, characterized by condensation of chromosomes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">S Phase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the second period of interphase during which replication of DNA occurs
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Spindle Fiber- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assissts in the movement of chromosomes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Telophase- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the final stage of mitosis during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Asexual Reproduction- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the production of offspring that does not involve the union of gametes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Crossing-Over- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the exchange of genes by reciprocal segments of homologous chromosome during meiosis
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Gamete- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a reproductive cell
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Genetic Recombination- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">results from crossing-over, producing a new mixture of genetic material
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Independent Assortment- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">during meiosis, the random distribution of genes from different chromosomes to the gametes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Oogenesis- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the production of mature egg cells
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Polar Body- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">one of two small cells produced and discarded during each of the two meiotic divisions that yield the haploid egg
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sexual Reproduction- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the productin of offspring from the combination of genetic materia from two parent organisms
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Spermatid- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">in meiosis, a haploid cell that develops into a mature sperm cell
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Spermatogenesis- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the production of sperm cells
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Synapsis- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tetrad- **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a group of two homologous chromosomes during meiosis